Expression patterns of tight junction components induced by CD24 in an oral epithelial cell-culture model correlated to affected periodontal tissues.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Previously we demonstrated uniformly strong expression of CD24 in the epithelial attachment to the tooth and in the migrating epithelium of the periodontitis lesion. Titers of serum antibodies autoreactive with CD24 peptide correlated with reduced severity of periodontal disease. Ligation of CD24 expressed by oral epithelial cells induced formation of tight junctions that limited paracellular diffusion. In this study, we aimed to reveal that the lack of uniform expression of tight junction components in the pocket epithelium of periodontitis lesions is likely to contribute to increased paracellular permeability to bacterial products. This is proposed as a potential driver of the immunopathology of periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An epithelial culture model with close correspondence for expression patterns for tight junction components in periodontal epithelia was used. Immunohistochemical staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to analyse patterns of expression of gingival epithelial tight junction components. RESULTS: The minimally inflamed gingival attachment was characterized by uniformly strong staining at cell contacts for the tight junction components zona occludens-1, zona occludens-2, occludin, junction adhesion molecule-A, claudin-4 and claudin-15. In contrast, the pocket epithelium of the periodontal lesion showed scattered, uneven staining for these components. This pattern correlated closely with that of unstimulated oral epithelial cells in culture. Following ligation of CD24 expressed by these cells, the pattern of tight junction component expression of the minimally inflamed gingival attachment developed rapidly. CONCLUSION: There was evidence for non-uniform and focal expression only of tight junction components in the pocket epithelium. In the cell-culture model, ligation of CD24 induced a tight junction expression profile equivalent to that observed for the minimally inflamed gingival attachment. Ligation of CD24 expressed by gingival epithelial cells by lectin-like receptors of commensal oral streptococci could mediate the phenotype of health, whereas pathogenic organisms associated with periodontal disease might not signal effectively through CD24.

Protein markers of Marteilia sydneyi infection in Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea glomerata.

Marteilia sydneyi is the causative agent of QX disease in Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. It is responsible for disease outbreaks among oysters that occur during summer and can result in up to 95% mortality. QX disease has significantly decreased S. glomerata production in some areas of Australia's eastern seaboard over the past 30 years. Marteilia sydneyi sporulates in the digestive gland of oysters leading to complete disorganization of the infected tissues. The current study used proteomics to identify potential molecular markers of sporulating M. sydneyi infection during a field trial undertaken in the Georges River, Sydney, between December 2006 and May 2007. Early stages of M. sydneyi infection were detected by polymerase chain reaction, whilst cytological examination was used to identify sporulating M. sydneyi in the gut. Protein expression in oyster haemolymph was assessed during the M. sydneyi infection period by two dimensional electrophoresis. Proteome maps identified significant differences in the expression of four proteins in oysters with sporulating M. sydneyi infections.

[Effect of low intensive helium-neon laser on superoxide-producing and methemoglobin-restoring activity of cytochrome b558III of red cell membranes in experiment].

It is established that low-energy He-Ne laser without changes from the side of NADPH-dependent superoxide-producing activity of b558III cytochrome isolated from erythrocytic membranes (EM) promotes b558III activity decrease in EM. The level of metHb-restoring activity increases during irradiation by He-Ne laser. The form of optical spectrum of b558III cytochrome absorption in the visible spectrum area does not undergo essential changes after laser irradiation while optical spectral index (A412/A530) is reduced a little. It is supposed that in the basis of photochemical mechanisms of He-Ne laser protector action in oxidative stress lays its ability to increase EM stability due to a decrease of superoxide-producing and an increase of metHb-restoring activity of b558III cytochrome

Identification of epithelial auto-antigens associated with periodontal disease.

We previously reported evidence that patients with periodontitis have serum antibodies to oral Gram positive bacteria that are cross-reactive with epithelial antigens. In the present report cross-reactive epithelial antigens including CD24, lactate dehydrogenase A [LDM-A], antioxidant protein 2 [AOP 2] and nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 [NFAT 5], were identified by screening a cDNA expression library with pooled patient sera. Titres of antibodies to CD24 peptide correlated negatively with indices of periodontal disease severity. Strong expression of CD24 in the reactive periodontal epithelium and inflamed gingival attachment contrasted with low to undetectable expression in the external gingival epithelium. In periodontitis, a local action of these auto-reactive antibodies could modulate the regulatory potential associated with expression of CD24 in this epithelium.

[Regulating effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid and pyrrolidone-2 on endogenous blood metalloproteins with anti- and pro-oxidant activity in hypoxia]. / Reguliruiushchii éffekt gamma-aminomaslianoi kisloty i pirrolidona-2 na éndogennye metalloproteiny krovi anti- i prooksidantnogo deistviia pri gipokinezii.

Various stages of hypokinesia are marked by specific changes in the level and activity of endogenous metalloproteins with anti- (MAA) and prooxidant action (MPA). In particular, the level of MPA [cytochromes b5 and b558 (III + IV) and suprol] decreases in all stages (except for the level of cytochrome b5 exceeding that in the free control on the 15th and 30th day of hypokinesia). The superoxide production activity of suprol always exceeds that in the control, while the activity of cytochrome b558 (III) exceeds that in the control only on the 30th day of experiment. The level and activity of MAA [ceruloplasmin, transferrin (TF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase] decrease with the duration of hypokinesia (except for 15th day, when the level of TF and the activity of SOD exceed the values in the free control group). The administration of GABA and pyrrolidone decreases the extent of oxidative stress, which is manifested by leveling of the MAA and MPA content and activity.

[Study of cytokinins produced by rhizospheric microorganisms]. / Issledovanie tsitokininov, produtsiruemykh rizosfernymi mikroorganizmami.

A high-molecular-weight complex of a polysaccharide and biologically active cytokinins was found in the culture liquid of rhizosphere microorganisms of the genus Bacillus. Enzyme immunoassay and thin-layer chromatography showed that zeatin riboside and a hormone nucleotide were the main cytokinins observed. Components of this complex were linked by a noncovalent bond.

[Blood metalloproteins of pro-oxidant and antioxidant action in psoriasis]. / Metalloproteiny krovi prooksidantnogo i antioksidantnogo deistviia pri psoriaze.

Molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of psoriasis related with intensity of formation of oxygen active forms high concentration, depends on balance of pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems activity and leads to quantitative changes of toxic agents of peroxidation processes in blood. Observed results show disorders in Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activity and contents of ceruloplasmin, transferrin and new revealed pro-oxidant metalloproteins-cytochromes b558(III), b558(IV), b5, O2(-)-generating lipoprotein suprol and indicate of disturbances in intensity of lipid peroxidation processes. They are considered as obligatory but not specific link in molecular mechanisms of different etiology of oxidative stress formation being as important argument in pathogenesis of various diseases as well as psoriasis.

[Disorders of equilibrium between pro- and antioxidant metalloprotein action in blood of albino rats after gangliosympathectomy and its combination with acute acoustic stress]. / Narusheniia ravnovesiia mezhdu metalloproteinami pro- i antioksidantnogo deistviia v krovi belykh krys pri gangliosimpatéktomii i ee sochetanii s ostrymakusticheskim stressom.

Unilateral ganglionsympathetectomy-removal of right upper cervical sympathetic ganglia and its combination with acute acoustic stress results in intensification of process of free radical oxidation of lipids and balance disturbance between components of antioxidative and pro-oxidative system of blood. Changes of composition and activity Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and contents of catalase, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and metalloproteins pro-oxidative action such as (cytochromes b558(I), b558(II), b558(III), b558(IV)) as well as O2-producing lipoprotein suprol and cytochromes b5 are evidence of compensating-adoptive function disturbances with according changes in blood, relatively to adaptive-trophic function of sympathetic system, its regulative role, in system of tissue metabolic conversion, which is directed, in particular, on compensation of anti-radical protection of cells.

[Disturbance of equilibrium between blood levels of antioxidant and prooxidant metalloproteins in pain stress in children]. / Narushenie ravnovesiia mezhdu urovnem antioksidantnykh i prooksidantnykh metalloproteinov krovi pri bolevom stresse u detei.

Molecular mechanisms of the trauma stress of different origins in children to some extent is related to the quantitative changes of blood superoxide dismutase, catalase, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, cytochromes b5, b558III, b558IV and suprol. Non adequate changes of antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ceruloplasmin, transferrin) and newly discovered prooxidant (cytochromes b5, b558III, b558IV, suprol) metalloproteins, as well as serum and erythrocyte cytochrome b5 depend on characteristic and duration of trauma stress caused by extremity fractures in children. This is due to the different mechanisms of adaptation to trauma stress.

[Level of blood metalloproteins during fluothane anesthesia in experimental animals]. / Uroven' metalloproteinov krovi pri anestezii ftorotanom v éksperimente.

Changes in the concentrations of antioxidant (Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase catalase, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin) and recently discovered pro-oxidant (cytochrome B-558 I-IV and suprol, a superoxide producing lipoprotein) metalloproteins and cytochrome B-5 were assessed in the blood of anesthesized and control rats. The concentrations of antioxidant and pro-oxidant metalloproteins varied. They were not changed during anesthesia, except suprol. As for the qualitative changes, phospholipid composition was altered, superoxide production decreased, and lipid peroxidation of suprol increased during anesthesia. The authors propose using antioxidant metalloproteins for decrease of the undesirable consequences of halothane anesthesia in experimental medicine.

[Superoxide-producing lipoprotein as a tumor growth suppressing factor, increasing the number of leukocytes and accelerating cell division in culture]. / Superoksid-produtsiruiushchii lipoprotein kak faktor podavleniia rostaopukholei, povysheniia chisla leikotsitov, uskoreniia deleniia kletok v kul'ture.

Superoxide-generating lipoprotein was isolated and purified from human serum; four intraperitoneal injections of Fe(3+)-activated suprol (150 micrograms/ml) increased rat peripheral blood leukocytes only by 8-10% in 24 h. In 3 days after inoculation of animals with Pliss lymphosarcoma or M-1 sarcoma, similar injections of activated suprol increased leukocyte count up to the numbers in healthy animals. Growth of M-1 sarcoma and Pliss sarcoma was decreased by 31 +/- 4 and 52 +/- 2%, respectively. Activated suprol (15 micrograms/ml) stimulated growth of stationary chicken embryonic cell culture by 52.1%. Activated suprol at concentrations exceeding 50 micrograms/ml lysed all cells in the culture. Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase suppressed suprol-stimulated proliferation of actively proliferating culture; not activated (native) suprol did not significantly increase leukocyte count, did not suppress tumor growth, and did not stimulate growth of cultured cells. The data suggest an important role of superoxide radicals in these processes. Inhibition of tumor growth by suprol may be associated with tumor DNA degradation by superoxide radicals (tumor DNA is more sensitive to O2- because superoxide dismutase activity is significantly lower in tumor cells versus normal tissues) and increased resistance of the organism due to stimulation of leukopoiesis.

[NADPH-containing, superoxide-producing lipoprotein fraction from blood serum. Isolation, purification, brief characteristics and mechanism of action]. / NADPH-soderzhashchaia, superoksid-produtsiruiushchaia lipoporteinovaia fraktsiia iz syvorotki krovi. Vydelenie, ochistka, kratkaia kharakteristika i mekhanizm deistviia.

A procedure for isolation and purification of the lipoprotein fraction from blood serum (human, rabbit, bovine, rat) has been developed which includes ion-exchange chromatography of the dialyzed serum on DEAE and CM cellulose and DEAE. Sephadex as well as gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and biogel P-150. This fraction was purified until denaturation and loss of solubility. The optical purification index of this fraction (A280/A430) is 8.5. The fraction has an optical absorption spectrum with a maximum at 280 nm and a weakly expressed shoulder at 430 nm, its fluorescence spectrum has an excitation maximum at 370 nm and emission maximum at 430 nm characteristic of NADPH. The protein fraction presumably contains NADPH and about 50% of phospholipids. It is assumed that the mechanism of O2 production involves Fe3+ reduction to Fe2+ by NADPH and the electron transfer from Fe2+ to atmospheric oxygen. Suprol provides a simple and readily accessible source of superoxide radicals for the study of their effects on various biosystems.

[Cytochrome b-558 from blood serum and erythrocyte membranes. Isolation, purification, and brief characteristics]. / Tsitokhromy b-558 iz syvorotki krovi i membran éritrotsitov. Vydelenie, ochistka i kratkie kharakteristiki.

Four types of water-soluble cytochromes b-558 (cyt. b-558) have been isolated and purified from blood serum (cyt. b-558 (I), cyt. b-558 (II)) and erythrocyte membranes (cyt. b-558 (III) and cyt. b-558 (IV)). The cytochromes differ in their acid-basic properties, molecular masses (110, 95, 125 and 80 kDa for cyt. b-558 (I), cyt. b-558 (II), b-558 (III) and cyt. b-558 (IV), respectively) as well as by the composition (cyt. b-558 (III) and cyt. b-558 (IV) are lipoproteins) and absorption maxima at the wavelengths of 340-360 nm. The cytochromes have similar absorption maxima at the wavelengths 600-400 nm (560, 530 and 412 nm in the oxidized state) and 558, 525 and 420 nm in the reduced state) which makes them identical to cytochromes b-558 obtained from blood constituents membranes.

[Use of superoxide dismutase in infusion therapy of experimental hemorrhagic shock]. / Primenenie superoksiddismutazy pri infuzionnoi terapii hemorragicheskogo shoka v éksperimente.

The work deals with study of the possibility of increasing the efficacy of infusion therapy in massive blood loss by preliminary administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The data obtained bear evidence that in preliminary administration of SOD infusion of a blood substitute produces a more marked and stable improvement of central hemodynamics and microcirculation, oxygen regimen, and acid-base equilibrium in rats. A significant increase of the circulation volume and stroke volume of the heart following SOD injection may be linked with lesser intensity of lipid peroxidation in the cardiocyte membranes during reoxygenation.

[The effect of a superoxide dismutase compound on the level of endogenous superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation in thermal burns]. / Vliianie preparata superoksiddismutazy na soderzhanie éndogennoi superoksiddismutazy i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov pri termicheskikh ozhogakh.

Content and activity of endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased simultaneously with an increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation under conditions of burns trauma. At the same time, parameters of the EPR signal were unaltered. Administration of exogenous SOD normalized the patterns studied and increased distinctly the survival rate of rats.

[The effect of various methods of preserving the fungus Aspergillus niger v. Tighem on its aggressive properties]. / Vliianie razlichnykh sposobov konservatsii griba Aspergillus niger v. Tighem na ego aggressivnye svoistva.

Using the differential-thermic and thermogravimetric methods has shown that the most promising way of fungus Aspergillus niger storing when its aggressive properties against polyamid aren't lost is to keep the culture on polymeric matter (polyamid) and in soil.